TRB BT Assistant - Landforms and Geomorphological Processes Question Bank with Options

1. Which geomorphological agent is most responsible for the formation of vast deserts with large sand dunes?

A) Rivers

B) Glaciers

C) Wind

D) Oceans

2. What is the primary difference between weathering and erosion?

A) Weathering breaks down rocks, while erosion moves the broken-down material

B) Weathering is a chemical process, while erosion is a physical process

C) Weathering occurs on land, while erosion occurs in water

D) There is no significant difference; they are synonyms

3. Which landform is a triangular or fan-shaped deposit of sediment formed where a stream flows out of a narrow valley onto a plain?

A) Delta

B) Alluvial fan

C) Kame

D) Outwash plain

4. What is a continental shelf?

A) The steep drop-off from the edge of a continent into the deep ocean

B) A gently sloping submerged part of a continent extending from the coastline

C) A large, flat area of land below sea level

D) An underwater mountain range

5. Which process is responsible for the formation of canyons and gorges?

A) Glacial erosion

B) Wind erosion

C) River erosion

D) Volcanic activity

6. What is a ventifact?

A) A rock fragment carried by a glacier

B) A rock surface eroded and polished by wind-blown sand

C) A rock formed by volcanic cooling

D) A sedimentary rock with fossils

7. Which geomorphic feature is formed by the deposition of sediment at the end of a glacier, marking its furthest extent?

A) Esker

B) Kame

C) Terminal moraine

D) Drumlin

8. What is an anticline?

A) A downward fold in rock layers

B) An upward fold in rock layers

C) A fracture in the Earth's crust along which movement has occurred

D) A volcanic caldera

9. Which process leads to the formation of salt flats or playas in arid regions?

A) Wind erosion and deposition

B) Evaporation of water in closed basins

C) Glacial meltwater deposition

D) Volcanic activity

10. What is the term for the gradual downhill movement of soil and rock under the influence of gravity?

A) Erosion

B) Deposition

C) Mass wasting

D) Subsidence

11. Which of the following is an example of a landform created by the erosion of coastal areas by waves?

A) Tombolo

B) Bar

C) Sea stack

D) Lagoon

12. What is a fault scarp?

A) A steep slope formed by the erosion of a river

B) A cliff or steep slope formed by the displacement of rock along a fault

C) A ridge formed by glacial deposition

D) A depression formed by volcanic collapse

13. Which geomorphological process is responsible for the formation of drumlins?

A) Wind erosion

B) River deposition

C) Glacial deposition and molding

D) Volcanic extrusion

14. What is the term for a large, flat-topped mountain with steep sides, typically found in arid or semi-arid regions?

A) Butte

B) Mesa

C) Inselberg

D) Monadnock

15. Which of the following is a depositional landform created by glaciers?

A) Arête

B) Horn

C) Esker

D) Arete

16. What is a pediment?

A) A gently sloping surface of bedrock found at the foot of mountains, often formed by erosion

B) A flat, elevated area of land with steep sides

C) A narrow ridge between two valleys

D) A deposit of sand and gravel

17. Which type of weathering involves the breakdown of rocks by the action of water and dissolved substances?

A) Physical weathering

B) Mechanical weathering

C) Chemical weathering

D) Biological weathering

18. What is a karst landscape primarily characterized by?

A) Extensive sand dunes

B) Features formed by the dissolution of soluble rocks, like limestone

C) U-shaped valleys and moraines

D) Volcanic craters and lava flows

19. A steeply sloping or vertical surface of rock, soil, or snow that becomes unstable and fails under the pull of gravity is known as a:

A) Scarp

B) Cliff

C) Talus

D) Scree

20. Which process is responsible for the formation of loess deposits?

A) River deposition

B) Glacial deposition

C) Wind deposition

D) Volcanic ash fall

21. What is the term for a large-scale, long-term change in the Earth's surface due to geological forces?

A) Erosion

B) Sedimentation

C) Geomorphology

D) Tectonics

22. Which landform is formed by the accumulation of volcanic ash and cinders around a volcanic vent?

A) Lava plateau

B) Cinder cone

C) Shield volcano

D) Lava dome

23. What is a graben?

A) An uplifted block of land between two parallel faults

B) A down-dropped block of land between two parallel faults

C) A fold in rock layers where the oldest rocks are at the core

D) A volcanic vent

24. The process by which water seeps into rocks and freezes, expanding and widening cracks, is called:

A) Thermal expansion

B) Frost wedging

C) Salt crystallization

D) Hydraulic action

25. What is a cirque?

A) A U-shaped valley carved by a glacier

B) A bowl-shaped hollow at the head of a glacial valley

C) A narrow ridge formed by erosion on a mountain crest

D) A large deposit of glacial till

26. Which of the following is an example of a depositional landform created by waves and currents?

A) Arch

B) Sea stack

C) Spit

D) Blowhole

27. What is a mesa?

A) A small, isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top

B) A large, flat-topped elevation that is wider than it is tall

C) A long, narrow ridge of rock

D) A circular depression formed by volcanic activity

28. Which type of mass wasting involves a rapid, shallow slide of soil and debris down a slope?

A) Creep

B) Landslide

C) Debris flow

D) Rockfall

29. The process of chemical weathering that involves the reaction of rocks with oxygen is called:

A) Hydrolysis

B) Carbonation

C) Oxidation

D) Hydration

30. What is a syncline?

A) An upward fold in rock layers

B) A downward fold in rock layers

C) A fault line where rocks move vertically

D) A volcanic intrusion

31. Which of the following is a landform created by the erosion of soft rock layers by wind?

A) Ventifact

B) Yardang

C) Deflation hollow

D) Inselberg

32. What is a hanging valley?

A) A valley formed by the erosion of a river

B) A valley formed by wind erosion

C) A valley formed by glacial erosion where a tributary glacier enters a larger glacier, leaving a valley higher than the main valley floor

D) A valley formed by volcanic activity

33. A long, narrow ridge of sand deposited by a glacier is called a(n):

A) Kame

B) Esker

C) Drumlin

D) Moraine

34. Which geomorphological process is primarily responsible for the formation of a delta?

A) Abrasion by wind

B) Deposition of sediment by a river

C) Chemical erosion by rainwater

D) Tectonic subsidence

35. What is the term for a large, flat area of land found at high altitudes, often surrounded by mountains?

A) Volcanic plateau

B) Intermontane plateau

C) Continental plateau

D) Dissected plateau

36. Which landform is characterized by a steep, cliff-like face on one side and a gentle slope on the other, often formed by faulting?

A) Hogback

B) Esker

C) Scarp

D) Drumlin

37. What is an oxbow lake?

A) A lake formed in a volcanic crater

B) A crescent-shaped lake formed when a meander of a river is cut off

C) A lake formed by glacial action in a cirque

D) A man-made reservoir

38. The process by which weathered material is moved from one place to another is known as:

A) Weathering

B) Deposition

C) Mass wasting

D) Transportation

39. Which of the following is a depositional landform created by rivers?

A) Gorge

B) Meander

C) Alluvial fan

D) Cirque

40. What is a moraine?

A) A deposit of wind-blown silt

B) An accumulation of rock debris transported and deposited by a glacier

C) A landform created by the deposition of sediment by a river

D) A volcanic cone

41. Which process is responsible for the formation of sinkholes in karst topography?

A) Glacial abrasion

B) Wind deflation

C) Chemical weathering of soluble rocks like limestone

D) Volcanic eruption

42. What is a caldera?

A) A large, circular depression formed by volcanic activity, typically after a major eruption

B) A narrow, deep valley with steep sides

C) A large underground cave system

D) A type of coral reef

43. Which of the following is an example of an erosional landform created by wind?

A) Dune

B) Yardang

C) Loess deposit

D) Outwash plain

44. What is a U-shaped valley a characteristic landform of?

A) River erosion

B) Wind erosion

C) Glacial erosion

D) Tectonic uplift

45. The process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by physical or chemical means is called:

A) Deposition

B) Transportation

C) Weathering

D) Sublimation

46. Which landform is created by the deposition of sediment at the mouth of a river?

A) Moraine

B) Delta

C) Alluvial fan

D) Mesa

47. What is a geyser?

A) A type of volcano that erupts lava

B) A hot spring that intermittently ejects a column of water and steam

C) A large sinkhole filled with water

D) A subterranean river system

48. Which type of erosion is most significant in shaping the Grand Canyon?

A) Aeolian (wind) erosion

B) Fluvial (river) erosion

C) Glacial erosion

D) Coastal erosion

49. What is the term for a large, flat area of land that is significantly higher than the surrounding terrain?

A) Valley

B) Plain

C) Plateau

D) Peninsula

50. Which of the following is the primary force responsible for the formation of major landforms like mountains and plateaus?

A) Erosion by wind

B) Volcanic activity

C) Tectonic plate movement

D) Glacial deposition

Landforms and Geomorphological Processes - Question Bank