TRB BT Assistant - Parasitology and Immunology Online Test (MCQ Quiz)

1. Which of the following is an example of an endoparasite?

A) Lice B) Tapeworm C) Flea D) Tick

2. A host that harbors the adult, sexually reproducing stage of a parasite is called the:

A) Intermediate host B) Paratenic host C) Definitive host D) Reservoir host

3. Which type of immunity is acquired through exposure to a pathogen or vaccination?

A) Innate immunity B) Passive immunity C) Active immunity D) Herd immunity

4. The primary role of antibodies in immunology is to:

A) Engulf and digest pathogens B) Mark pathogens for destruction by other immune cells C) Produce cytokines to stimulate inflammation D) Present antigens to T cells

5. Which disease is caused by the parasite Plasmodium, transmitted by mosquitoes?

A) Tuberculosis B) Malaria C) Typhoid fever D) Cholera

6. The study of parasites and their hosts is known as:

A) Ecology B) Virology C) Parasitology D) Mycology

7. Which component of the innate immune system acts as a physical barrier against pathogens?

A) Antibodies B) Cytokines C) Skin and mucous membranes D) Complement proteins

8. A parasite that lives on the external surface of its host is called a(n):

A) Endoparasite B) Ectoparasite C) Mesoparasite D) Obligate parasite

9. Which immune cells are responsible for producing antibodies?

A) T helper cells B) Cytotoxic T cells C) Macrophages D) B cells (Plasma cells)

10. The process by which immune cells recognize and bind to foreign substances (antigens) is called:

A) Phagocytosis B) Opsonization C) Antigen recognition D) Cytokine signaling

11. Which parasite is responsible for schistosomiasis?

A) Ascaris lumbricoides B) Schistosoma species C) Taenia solium D) Giardia lamblia

12. Acquired immunity that is transferred from mother to fetus across the placenta is an example of:

A) Active natural immunity B) Active artificial immunity C) Passive natural immunity D) Passive artificial immunity

13. The ability of the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self is known as:

A) Immunological memory B) Immunological tolerance C) Self-recognition D) Antigen specificity

14. A host that harbors a parasite but does not allow it to sexually reproduce is called a(n):

A) Definitive host B) Intermediate host C) Paratenic host D) Reservoir host

15. Which of the following is a common vector for Lyme disease?

A) Mosquito B) Flea C) Tick D) Housefly

16. What is the primary function of cytotoxic T cells?

A) Help B cells produce antibodies B) Kill infected host cells C) Suppress immune responses D) Present antigens to B cells

17. The phenomenon where an infection in one individual provides protection against subsequent infections by the same pathogen is called:

A) Immunological tolerance B) Immunological memory C) Immunological surveillance D) Immunological homeostasis

18. Which parasite causes trichinosis, often acquired from undercooked pork?

A) Trichuris trichiura B) Trichinella spiralis C) Toxoplasma gondii D) Trypanosoma brucei

19. The innate immune system relies on which of the following for its rapid response?

A) Specific antigen recognition B) Memory cells C) Pre-existing defense mechanisms D) Antibody production

20. Which type of immunity is mediated by T lymphocytes?

A) Humoral immunity B) Cell-mediated immunity C) Innate immunity D) Passive immunity

21. A host that harbors a parasite but does not contribute to the parasite's transmission to a new host is called a(n):

A) Definitive host B) Intermediate host C) Paratenic host D) Reservoir host

22. Which of the following is a helminthic parasite?

A) Candida albicans B) Staphylococcus aureus C) Ascaris lumbricoides D) Escherichia coli

23. Cytokines are signaling molecules that regulate immune responses. Which of the following is a type of cytokine?

A) Antibody B) Complement C) Interferon D) Phagosome

24. Which class of antibodies is typically the first to be produced during a primary immune response?

A) IgG B) IgA C) IgM D) IgE

25. The phenomenon where a vaccine induces immunity without causing disease is an example of:

A) Passive natural immunity B) Active artificial immunity C) Passive artificial immunity D) Innate immunity

26. Which parasite causes giardiasis, a common cause of diarrheal illness?

A) Entamoeba histolytica B) Giardia lamblia C) Cryptosporidium parvum D) Cyclospora cayetanensis

27. The adaptive immune system is characterized by:

A) Rapid, non-specific response B) Lack of immunological memory C) Specificity and memory D) Presence from birth

28. Which immune cells are primarily responsible for recognizing and destroying virus-infected cells and tumor cells?

A) B cells B) T helper cells C) Natural killer (NK) cells D) Macrophages

29. A host that harbors a parasite and can transmit it to other hosts, but may not be the primary host for reproduction, is called a(n):

A) Definitive host B) Intermediate host C) Paratenic host D) Reservoir host

30. Which of the following is an example of a protozoan parasite?

A) Taenia saginata B) Enterobius vermicularis C) Toxoplasma gondii D) Ancylostoma duodenale

31. The process by which phagocytes engulf and internalize pathogens is called:

A) Exocytosis B) Pinocytosis C) Phagocytosis D) Endocytosis

32. Which type of immunity is mediated by antibodies circulating in the blood and lymph?

A) Cell-mediated immunity B) Humoral immunity C) Innate immunity D) Adaptive immunity

33. The immune response that occurs after initial exposure to an antigen is known as the:

A) Secondary immune response B) Tertiary immune response C) Primary immune response D) Anamnestic response

34. Which parasite causes amoebic dysentery?

A) Giardia lamblia B) Cryptosporidium parvum C) Entamoeba histolytica D) Cyclospora cayetanensis

35. The role of T helper cells (CD4+ T cells) is to:

A) Kill infected cells B) Suppress the immune response C) Activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells D) Engulf pathogens

36. Which antibody class is primarily found in mucosal secretions like saliva and breast milk?

A) IgG B) IgM C) IgA D) IgE

37. A host that is infected with a parasite but does not show any signs of illness is called a(n):

A) Definitive host B) Intermediate host C) Asymptomatic host D) Reservoir host

38. Which of the following is a common vector for malaria?

A) Tick B) Mosquito C) Flea D) Louse

39. The ability of the immune system to mount a stronger and faster response upon re-exposure to an antigen is due to:

A) Innate immunity B) Immunological memory C) Tolerance D) Cytokine production

40. Which of the following is a sexually transmitted parasite?

A) Ascaris lumbricoides B) Trichomonas vaginalis C) Plasmodium falciparum D) Schistosoma mansoni

41. The process by which antigen-presenting cells display fragments of pathogens to T cells is called:

A) Opsonization B) Antigen presentation C) Phagocytosis D) Cytokine release

42. Which immune cells are responsible for releasing histamine and mediating allergic reactions?

A) Macrophages B) Neutrophils C) Eosinophils D) Mast cells and Basophils

43. A parasite that requires at least two different hosts to complete its life cycle is termed:

A) Monoxenous B) Heteroxenous C) Stenoxenous D) Euryxenous

44. Which disease is caused by the tapeworm Taenia solium?

A) Cysticercosis B) Echinococcosis C) Schistosomiasis D) Ascariasis

45. The complement system is part of which immune defense mechanism?

A) Adaptive immunity B) Innate immunity C) Passive immunity D) Acquired immunity

46. Which term describes the ability of a parasite to cause disease?

A) Commensalism B) Mutualism C) Pathogenicity D) Symbiosis

47. The immune response that occurs upon subsequent exposure to the same antigen, which is faster and stronger than the primary response, is called the:

A) Primary immune response B) Secondary immune response C) Tertiary immune response D) Innate immune response

48. Which of the following is a common vector for the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, causing Chagas disease?

A) Mosquito B) Tick C) Kissing bug D) Flea

49. Which type of cells are long-lived and responsible for immunological memory, allowing for a faster response upon re-exposure to an antigen?

A) Plasma cells B) Mast cells C) Memory T cells and Memory B cells D) Neutrophils

50. The process by which antibodies coat a pathogen, making it easier for phagocytes to engulf, is called:

A) Agglutination B) Neutralization C) Opsonization D) Complement activation

Parasitology and Immunology - Online Test

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