NEET UG - Chemical coordination and integration - endocrine glands and hormones, human endocrine system Online Test (MCQ Quiz)

1. Which endocrine gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' due to its control over other endocrine glands?

A) Thyroid gland B) Adrenal gland C) Pituitary gland D) Pancreas

2. Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland and plays a role in water reabsorption in the kidneys?

A) Oxytocin B) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) C) Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) D) Growth Hormone (GH)

3. The adrenal medulla secretes which of the following hormones in response to stress?

A) Aldosterone and Cortisol B) Epinephrine and Norepinephrine C) Insulin and Glucagon D) Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine

4. Which hormone is produced by the thyroid gland and is essential for regulating metabolism?

A) Calcitonin B) Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) C) Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) D) Adrenaline

5. What is the primary function of insulin, secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas?

A) To increase blood glucose levels B) To decrease blood glucose levels C) To stimulate the release of glucagon D) To promote fat storage

6. Which hormone is secreted by the parathyroid glands and regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the blood?

A) Calcitonin B) Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) C) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) D) Glucocorticoids

7. The pineal gland, located in the brain, primarily secretes which hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles?

A) Serotonin B) Melatonin C) Dopamine D) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

8. Which part of the adrenal gland is derived from ectodermal tissue and secretes catecholamines?

A) Adrenal cortex B) Adrenal medulla C) Renal cortex D) Renal medulla

9. Which hormone, secreted by the anterior pituitary, stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce corticosteroids?

A) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) B) Luteinizing Hormone (LH) C) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) D) Prolactin

10. What is the main function of glucagon, secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas?

A) To lower blood glucose levels B) To raise blood glucose levels C) To stimulate glycogen synthesis D) To promote protein synthesis

11. Which hormone is produced by the interstitial cells (Leydig cells) of the testes and is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics?

A) Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) B) Luteinizing Hormone (LH) C) Testosterone D) Progesterone

12. Which hormone is produced by the corpus luteum and plays a crucial role in maintaining pregnancy?

A) Estrogen B) Progesterone C) Luteinizing Hormone (LH) D) Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

13. What is the primary function of oxytocin, secreted by the posterior pituitary?

A) Stimulates milk ejection B) Promotes water reabsorption C) Stimulates uterine contractions D) Stimulates ovulation

14. Which of the following is a mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates sodium and potassium balance?

A) Cortisol B) Aldosterone C) Androgens D) Epinephrine

15. Which hormone, produced by the anterior pituitary, stimulates the growth and development of ovarian follicles in females?

A) Luteinizing Hormone (LH) B) Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) C) Prolactin D) Estrogen

16. What is the role of thymosin, a hormone produced by the thymus gland?

A) Regulation of metabolism B) Maturation of T-lymphocytes C) Regulation of blood glucose D) Stimulation of milk production

17. Which hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary stimulates the production of milk in the mammary glands?

A) Oxytocin B) Estrogen C) Progesterone D) Prolactin

18. Which hormone, secreted by the anterior pituitary, triggers ovulation and stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone in females?

A) Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) B) Luteinizing Hormone (LH) C) Estrogen D) Prolactin

19. Which hormone is produced by the heart atria and helps in the regulation of blood pressure?

A) Angiotensin II B) Renin C) Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) D) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

20. Erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production, is primarily produced by which organ?

A) Liver B) Spleen C) Kidneys D) Bone Marrow

21. Which hormone produced by the hypothalamus is released by the posterior pituitary and inhibits urine production?

A) Oxytocin B) Vasopressin (ADH) C) Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) D) Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH)

22. The hormone cortisol, secreted by the adrenal cortex, primarily functions in:

A) Regulating electrolyte balance B) Promoting the 'fight or flight' response C) Increasing blood glucose levels and suppressing the immune system D) Stimulating sexual development

23. Which hormone is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females, such as breast development?

A) Progesterone B) Testosterone C) Estrogen D) Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

24. Which hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroid hormones?

A) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) B) Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) C) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) D) Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

25. What is the primary role of calcitonin, secreted by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland?

A) To increase blood calcium levels B) To decrease blood calcium levels C) To stimulate bone resorption D) To promote phosphate absorption

26. Which hormone is produced by the G-cells of the stomach and stimulates the secretion of gastric acid?

A) Secretin B) Cholecystokinin (CCK) C) Gastrin D) Ghrelin

27. The hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is released by the heart in response to:

A) Low blood pressure B) High blood pressure C) Low blood glucose D) High blood potassium

28. Which of the following is a gonadotropin released by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the Leydig cells in males?

A) Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) B) Luteinizing Hormone (LH) C) Growth Hormone (GH) D) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

29. Which hormone, secreted by the adrenal cortex, influences carbohydrate metabolism and has anti-inflammatory effects?

A) Aldosterone B) Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) C) Cortisol D) Epinephrine

30. The hormone gastrin primarily targets which organ to stimulate its secretions?

A) Liver B) Pancreas C) Stomach D) Small intestine

31. Which hormone, secreted by the hypothalamus, inhibits the release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary?

A) Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) B) Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) C) Dopamine D) Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH)

32. Which endocrine gland is located in the mediastinum and plays a crucial role in the maturation of T-lymphocytes?

A) Thyroid gland B) Thymus gland C) Adrenal gland D) Pineal gland

33. What is the primary function of the hormone secretin, produced by the duodenum?

A) Stimulate bile secretion B) Stimulate pancreatic juice secretion rich in bicarbonate C) Stimulate insulin release D) Stimulate gastric acid secretion

34. Which hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland stimulates the production of androgens by the testes in males?

A) Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) B) Luteinizing Hormone (LH) C) Growth Hormone (GH) D) Prolactin

35. Which hormone is secreted by the Delta cells of the pancreas and inhibits the secretion of insulin and glucagon?

A) Amylin B) Somatostatin C) Pancreatic Polypeptide D) Ghrelin

36. The hormone cholecystokinin (CCK), produced by the small intestine, stimulates the release of:

A) Pancreatic enzymes and bile B) Gastric acid C) Insulin D) Glucagon

37. Which hormone, secreted by the hypothalamus and stored/released by the posterior pituitary, is responsible for uterine contractions during childbirth?

A) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) B) Oxytocin C) Luteinizing Hormone (LH) D) Prolactin

38. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males, such as deepening of the voice and growth of facial hair?

A) Estrogen B) Progesterone C) Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) D) Testosterone

39. The hormone that lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone resorption and increasing calcium excretion by the kidneys is:

A) Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) B) Calcitonin C) Vitamin D D) Aldosterone

40. Which hormone is produced by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidneys and plays a role in regulating blood pressure?

A) Erythropoietin B) Renin C) Angiotensinogen D) Aldosterone

41. Which hormone, secreted by the anterior pituitary, stimulates the growth of bone and soft tissues?

A) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) B) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) C) Luteinizing Hormone (LH) D) Growth Hormone (GH)

42. Which of the following is a glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex that helps regulate metabolism and stress response?

A) Aldosterone B) Androgens C) Cortisol D) Epinephrine

43. The hormone that stimulates the uterus to contract during labor and delivery and also stimulates milk ejection is:

A) Estrogen B) Progesterone C) Oxytocin D) Prolactin

44. Which hormone, produced by the ovaries, is essential for the development and maintenance of the female reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics?

A) Progesterone B) Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) C) Luteinizing Hormone (LH) D) Estrogen

45. Which hormone stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk after childbirth?

A) Oxytocin B) Estrogen C) Prolactin D) Progesterone

46. Which hormone, secreted by the hypothalamus, stimulates the anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH?

A) Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) B) Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) C) Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) D) Growth Hormone-Inhibiting Hormone (GHIH)

47. Which of the following hormones is secreted by the adrenal medulla?

A) Cortisol B) Aldosterone C) Epinephrine D) Testosterone

48. The hormone that increases the reabsorption of sodium ions and water by the renal tubules, thus reducing water loss from the body, is:

A) Oxytocin B) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) C) Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) D) Calcitonin

49. Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle and maintaining pregnancy?

A) Estrogen B) Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) C) Luteinizing Hormone (LH) D) Progesterone

50. Which endocrine gland produces hormones that regulate calcium and phosphate metabolism, and is located in the neck, posterior to the thyroid gland?

A) Thyroid gland B) Parathyroid glands C) Adrenal glands D) Pineal gland

Chemical coordination and integration - endocrine glands and hormones, human endocrine system - Online Test

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