analysis judgement decision making - One Line Questions

1. Decisions are often influenced by the perceived emotional appeal of an option, rather than purely rational analysis. This is related to the: — Affect Heuristic
2. When the way information is presented influences a decision, even if the underlying facts are the same, it is called: — Framing Effect
3. When faced with too many choices, individuals may find it difficult to make a decision or feel less satisfied with their choice. This is termed: — Choice Overload
4. The tendency to ignore information that contradicts one's beliefs and focus only on supporting information is a key aspect of: — Confirmation Bias
5. When a decision is influenced by how it is presented, such as emphasizing potential gains versus potential losses, it is an example of: — Framing Effect
6. When evaluating choices, the tendency to prefer options that are perceived as neutral or moderate is related to: — Compromise Effect
7. The cognitive bias that leads individuals to seek out and interpret information that confirms their existing beliefs is: — Confirmation Bias
8. Which cognitive bias is characterized by the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses? — Confirmation Bias
9. The cognitive bias where people tend to judge the probability of an event based on how easily examples come to mind is: — Availability Heuristic
10. When judging the likelihood of an event, people often compare it to a stereotype or prototype. This is an example of the: — Representativeness Heuristic
11. Which heuristic involves making judgments based on the similarity of an object or event to a prototype? — Representativeness Heuristic
12. The bias where people give disproportionate weight to the first piece of information they receive when making judgments is: — Anchoring Bias
13. The tendency for people to judge the probability of an event by comparing it to existing prototypes or stereotypes is known as the: — Representativeness Heuristic
14. In decision-making, what does 'elimination by aspects' entail? — Systematically eliminating options that do not meet a specific criterion
15. A decision-maker consistently favors options that maintain the current state of affairs. This is known as: — Status Quo Bias
16. What is the term for the cognitive bias where individuals place undue emphasis on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions? — Anchoring Bias
17. What is the term for the tendency to favor options that maintain the current situation, even when better alternatives exist? — Status Quo Bias
18. Which decision-making strategy involves setting minimum acceptable levels for each attribute and choosing the first option that meets all criteria? — Elimination by Aspects
19. The 'sunk cost fallacy' describes the tendency to: — Continue a behavior or endeavor as a result of previously invested resources (time, money, or effort)
20. The process of forming a general conclusion from specific observations is called: — Inductive Reasoning
21. Which type of reasoning involves forming the best possible explanation for a set of observations? — Abductive Reasoning
22. A decision-making strategy where one evaluates options based on their relative advantages and disadvantages compared to a reference point is: — Prospect Theory
23. The tendency for people to value something more highly simply because they own it is called: — Endowment Effect
24. The principle that people are more motivated to avoid losses than to achieve equivalent gains is known as: — Loss Aversion
25. The psychological principle that states people tend to avoid situations or choices that could lead to a loss is called: — Loss Aversion
26. The tendency to stick with and defend a chosen course of action, even when it's clearly not working, is known as: — Escalation of Commitment
27. What is the term for the tendency to continue investing in a failing course of action due to previously invested resources? — Escalation of Commitment
28. What is the term for the phenomenon where people are less likely to take an action, or feel less responsibility for an outcome, when others are present? — Diffusion of Responsibility
29. The tendency for group discussions to strengthen the dominant or most extreme viewpoint is known as: — Group Polarization
30. What is the term for the tendency to overestimate one's ability to make accurate predictions, especially about future events? — Overconfidence Bias
31. The cognitive bias where individuals tend to believe they are more knowledgeable or skilled than they actually are is called: — Dunning-Kruger Effect
32. The tendency to believe that one's own judgments are more accurate than they actually are is described by: — Overconfidence Bias
33. Which type of reasoning involves drawing specific conclusions from general principles? — Deductive Reasoning
34. The phenomenon where the perceived value of an item increases simply because one possesses it is known as: — Endowment Effect
35. When evaluating potential risks, people often focus on the potential for harm rather than the potential for benefit. This is an example of: — Loss Aversion
36. The tendency to believe, after an event has occurred, that one would have predicted or expected the outcome is known as: — Hindsight Bias
37. The tendency to perceive a greater degree of personal control over events than is actually the case is known as: — Illusion of Control
38. Which decision-making bias involves the tendency to believe, after an event has occurred, that one would have predicted or expected the outcome? — Hindsight Bias
39. What is the term for the tendency to overestimate the probability of positive outcomes and underestimate the probability of negative outcomes? — Optimism Bias
40. When individuals make decisions that are satisfactory rather than optimal, they are employing the principle of: — Bounded Rationality
41. Which decision-making model suggests that individuals make decisions by seeking a satisfactory solution rather than an optimal one? — Bounded Rationality
42. A person tends to overestimate the likelihood of dramatic or emotionally charged events. This is an example of which heuristic? — Availability Heuristic
43. Which cognitive bias describes the tendency to rely on readily available information when making judgments? — Availability Heuristic
44. The bias where people tend to overestimate the frequency of events that are unusual or memorable is a manifestation of the: — Availability Heuristic
45. The tendency to overestimate the likelihood of events that are easily recalled or vividly imagined is characteristic of the: — Availability Heuristic
46. In decision-making, what does 'satisficing' refer to? — Making a decision that is 'good enough'
47. The tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors and failures to external factors is known as: — Self-Serving Bias
48. When a group's desire for harmony or conformity results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome, it is called: — Groupthink
49. When making a decision, if someone relies too heavily on the first piece of information offered, they are exhibiting: — Anchoring Bias
50. The cognitive bias that causes people to become overly attached to a decision or course of action once they have made it is related to: — Escalation of Commitment
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